The purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Uzbek translations of English sentences with adverbial modifier of comparison. The types of adverbial modifiers of comparison in Modern English and Uzbek are defined according to their means of expression and the types of conjunctions they are introduced by. There are different conjunctions introducing adverbial modifiers of comparison and they are translated from English into Uzbek differently. In translation process we may meat some problems as followings:
Idioms with AS...AS: idioms of comparison are also called similes. Idioms of comparison with the structure be + as...as are mostly used in description of people, their appearance, character, mood, actions, or behavior. But many of them are also applicable to things or places. Examples:
He was always as cold as ice with her.
U (yigit) har doim qizga sovuq munosabatda edi.
His hands were as cold as ice.- Uning qo’llari muzdek edi.
The wind was as cold as ice.- Shamol muzdek (sovuq) edi.
The first «as» is often omitted in everyday speech. Examples:
My friend Maria is always as busy as a bee.
My friend Maria is always busy as a bee.
Do’stim Maria umuman tinmaydi (doim band, aslaridek tinim bilmaydi).
Proverbs with as: in translating the proverbs we may give their Uzbek equivalents. In Uzbek proverbs there may not be any conjunctions expressing the comparison like in English, they may express the meaning of condition though by structure they seem to be the adverbial modifier of comparison.
As a man sows, so he shall reap. As you sow, you shall mow.
Har kim ekkanini o’radi. Nima eksang, shuni o’rasan.
Idioms of comparison with the word LIKE are divided into two lists here.
Idioms in the first list are often used after the verb BE, but depending on the context, they may be used with other verbs (e.g., behave, feel, look, run).
Idioms in the second list are generally used with certain verbs and translated as followings:
List 1
like a clock; like clockwork — doim ishni vaqtida qiladigan
like an oven –juda issiq
like a two-year-old — yosh bolaga o’xshab
like crazy; like mad — ahmoqqa o’xshab
like the wind — juda tez
List 2
eat like a bird –qushga o’xshab chimchilab yemoq’
eat like a horse — ko’p yemoq
fit like a glove — loyiq kelmoq
have a memory like an elephant — yaxshi xotiraga ega bo’lmoq
have a memory like a sieve — yomon xotiraga ega bo’lmoq
Let’s see the translations of proverbs introduced with LIKE.
Like father, like son. — O’g’il otasiga o’xshaydi.
Like master, like man.- Ustasiga qarab ishiga baho ber.
In the sentences we use like frequently and they are translated in different ways: Do you think Ann looks like her mother? — Anna onasiga o’xshaydi deb o’ylaysizmi?
She is a really good swimmer. She swims like a fish.- U baliqday suzadi.
In the following sentences the translation of comparison is expressed by the auxiliary word “ko’ra” and adjective forming suffix “-roq”.
Tashkent is more famous than Namangan.- Toshkent Namangandan ko’ra mashhurroq. This task is more complicated than the previous one.- Bu vazifa avvalgisidan ko’ra qiyinroq ekan.
She looked at them as though they had betrayed her.
U qiz ularga huddi ular uni aldagandek qaradi. (bu gapda,, huddi’’ so’zi yuklama bo’lib gapga qo’shimcha ma’no yuklayapti.)
He released her and searched her face as though trying to discover the reason for her lack of response.
U bola qizni qo’yib yubordi va huddi uni javob bermasligiga sabab izlashga urinayotganday yuzini izladi.
She felt as though a cold hand grasped her stomach and squeezed hard.
U qiz o’zini huddi qandaydir bir sovuq qo’l uning qornini mahkam ushlab siqayotganday his qildi.
He pronounced every word plainly, as though he were talking to his schoolmates.
U har bir so’zni huddi maktabdoshlariga gapirayotganday aniq-tiniq qilib gapirdi (dona –dona qilib tushuntirdi).
There does not exist the adverbial modifier of comparison in simple sentences, but we can find complex sentences with adverbial clause of comparison. According to our investigation English adverbial modifiers of comparison in some cases give the meaning of adverbial modifier of manner. In Uzbek language instead of calling adverbial modifiers of comparison they are called the adverbial modifiers of manner (ravish xoli). They are introduced by different conjunctions, particles and suffixes. Like in English the sentences with adverbial modifier of comparison in Uzbek express two meanings o’xshatish and qiyoslash (in English both are called comparison
References:
- Блох М. Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. Москва «Высшая школа» 1983
- Бўронов Ж. Б. «Инглиз тили ва ўзбек тиллари қиёсий грамматикаси» Т: “Ўқитувчи” 1973
- Muhitdinova A. Sh. Hozirgi zamon o'zbek tili grammatikasi, 2003.
- Rayevskaya N. M. Modern English Grammar. «Visha shkola». Kiyev, 1976
- Rahimov S., Umirqulov B., «Hozirgi o'zbek adabiy tili» Toshkent, 2003 y
