Dovletmammet is a scholar-poet who served his people with both his literary creativity and scientific ideas. The poet's literary works are a valuable treasure of advice and wisdom, and a school of etiquette for the Turkmen youth of the 21st century.
Keywords: Turkmen poets, literary of poets, life and works.
Dovletmammet Azadi is one of the most prominent Turkmen poets who lived in the 19th century. He is known as an outstanding scholar and a master poet who has continuously contributed to our literary heritage with his works. The services of the poet in the history of the development of Turkmen classical literature, philosophical and socio-political thought are not limited only to these. He also trained several Turkmen poets. It is clear that he took care of his son Magtymguly and his nephew Gurbandurdy Zelili to become master poets.
Dovletmammet Azadi was born in 1700 in the family of Magtymguly Yonachy, along the Etrek River. The poet's father was orphaned at a young age and suffered many hardships. Magtymguly Yonachy was a hardworking man. He was engaged in farming, saddlery and harness making, and jewelry making. He was highly respected by the people for his craft. Magtymguly Yonachy had a son named Dovletmammet.
Magtymguly Yonachy lived in poverty from his youth, he could not get a science education. Since he grew up illiterate, he educated his son Dovletmammet from a young age, giving him the opportunity to receive the highest science of his time. He got his first education from Niyaz Saleh in his village. After completing his schooling, with the help of his uncles, he went to study in one of the Madrasahs of Khiva. There, Azadi receives a thorough scientific education and becomes an outstanding scientist of his time. Academician A. N. Samaylovich says: «Among the poets of different ethnic Turkmen known to me, there is no one who can put Magtymguly in the honor of his father».
Azadi was not limited to the science got in the madrasa. He studied many sciences outside of it. The poet mastered the Arabic, Persian and old Chagatai languages well, and knew the history, philosophy, and literature of the East written in those languages. He was able to learn from the rules of poetic composition, logic, rhetoric, medicine and other sciences. His medical writings and manuscripts preserved to our days from the poet's personal library show that he was deeply interested in many sciences, and that his horizons and outlook were very broad. This manuscript, autographed by Azadi, is considered one of the most reliable and valuable documents for studying his past life and creative path.
Dovletmammet Azadi's main profession was teaching boys, he was also engaged in livestock and farming. The poet was widely known among the people for his humanity, intelligence, hard work. He always lived among the people, breathed the same air with them, and was always at their service. Therefore, they sincerely loved the poet and supported him closely.
Azadi is the literary nickname of the poet. Dovletmammet is a scholar-poet who served his people with both his literary creativity and scientific ideas. The poet's literary works are a valuable treasure of advice and wisdom, and a school of etiquette for the Turkmen youth of the 21st century.
Dovletmammet is a well-versed scientist in both the secular and religious sciences. From the literary heritage of Dovletmammet Azadi, the works of «Wagzy-azat», «Behishtnama», «Hekayaty-Jabyr ensar», «Rubagyyet ez ruyi-zari ve doga» and several poems have come down to our days.
It is possible to make sure that the great thinker has put into his creative mold the sayings of the ancestors, which are the sayings that have leaked from the wisdom and wise thoughts of our ancestors. To explain this, it is necessary to refer to the work of the wise man «Wagzy-azat».
Dovletmammet Azadi wrote the work «Wagzy-azat» consisting of 6000 lines and 2314 verses when he was placed in the cup of perfection and was recognized as a great wordsmith, scientist, thinker, philosopher and a master of religious issues.
The work «Wagzy-azat» consists of four chapters, the first chapter talks about the need to build a state and a just king, the second chapter talks about charity work, as well as the 40 duties of a child. The third chapter of the work is devoted to the place of scientists in society and their qualities, and the fourth chapter is devoted to dervish. Speaking about the situation that first motivated Ahmet Bekmiradov, who contributed to Turkmen science in his time, to continue the tradition of Oghuznamism, the famous scholar added stories from the lives of the Ghaznavid ruler Söbük Tegi and his son Mahmyd, who were from the Oghuz Turkmen tribe, to the poet's poem. is from the blueberry genus, and expresses the fundamental idea that blueberries are a branch of beech trees. This situation is related to the fact that every poet's work is absorbed by his personality and life theory to a certain extent.
Thus, Azadi used various sources in his creativity, first of all, the wise words of the Turkmen people, ancient folklore with deep roots and rich national artistic fields. The eternal shining stars of the East, Saad, Jami, Hapyz, Khayam, Dehlevi, Rumi, among the poets of the Turkic peoples, Hoja Ahmet Yasavy, Fizuly, Novayi, Nesimi, Haji Bekdash Veli, Yunus Emre, who were closely acquainted with the works of the great masters of words, made the poet's creativity flourish.
In his works, the great thinker often refers to the proverbs that have been boiled in the mind of the whole people, digested, passed the test of centuries, and are the sum of the results of the people's life issues. For example, a wise man quotes the saying, «The wise reaped will not be short».
Action without advice will be regrettable,
It will be sudden and unexpected
— he skillfully put it into a poem. There are dozens of such examples in the work of the great thinker, not one or two. Here is the proverb of the sage «If the head is not the head, the body is a corpse»:
If there is no head, it is a dead body.
No work is done without God's grace
The proverb «They sow and eat, and sow and they eat»:
Do not command the people to sow,
That is, no matter how rich or rich he is,
«Don't burn — you'll cook, don't dig — you'll fall» proverb:
If everyone lights a fire, he will cook.
It is a clear example of the fact that everyone works in the form of a song and gives it the wings of poetry. It should be noted that these lines of the great thinker were published in 2012 in the «Kunst-welt e. We would also like to mention that the German cultural organization «V Berlin» was selected for the project «The Dream of the Visionaries of the World», which introduces outstanding representatives of different countries and peoples.
Dovletmammet Azadi lived sixty years and died on March 22, 1760. On the death of the poet, his son Magtymguly wrote a mercy (elegy) called «My Father». It contains these words:
At the age of sixty, Nowruz is the year of the Dragon.
Death stood up, my grandfather took the road.
That's how the world works, you know?
My grandfather took his life.
References:
- Hidayet P, Govdarow R., “Dovletmammet Azadi a collection of works” 2012y.
- Zaman newspaper 22.06.2019y.
