The purpose of the present article is to study the problems of the nutritional status of children in a modern Russian family. It is obvious, that the higher the population life level is, the lower is the share of expenditure on food, and vice versa. Accordingly, the lower the life level of people is, the less they spend on the maintaining their children’s health, their education and health. Due to the emerging tendency of a constant rise of food cost, their affordability for a large family becomes more relevant, as it directly affects the state of health of the younger generation. Thus, the socio-economical aspect of the nutritional problem, marked in this article, sets the social determinants of the population health indicators: life level and its impact on children and adults nutrition quality and maintaining their health.