In article problems of legal culture of youth, and backwardness of the modern Russian legislation regarding a regulation of the rights and obligations of the main institutes of socialization are covered. Conclusions that legal illiteracy, discrepancy of the legislation providing realization of youth policy in various spheres, but, and its bases, are the reasons of legal nihilism among youth are drawn. The purposeful state youth policy directed on increase of level of legal culture among youth is necessary for permission of these and other problems.

Keywords: legal culture, legal consciousness, legal nihilism, legal education, state youth policy. Theoretical and methodological basis of article are works which are in the center of attention of scientists, lawyers, sociologists, political scientists, philosophers, historians. In modern science bases of the general theory of sense of justice and legal education are already developed. It is necessary to distinguish works of the following authors from them: E. V. Agranovskaya, P. P. Baranov, A. B. Vengerov, N. V. Vitruk, V. I. Goy-man, D. A. Kerimov, N. M. Keyzerov, B. A. Kistyakovsky, V. N. Kudryavtsev, E. V. Kuznetsov, E. A. Lukasheva, N. I. Matuzov, A. B. Mickiewicz, B. C. Nersesyantsa, T. N. Radko, A. R. Ratinov, I. F. Ryabko, V. P. Salnikov, A. P. Semitko, E. H. Trubetskoy, B. N. Chicherin, T. M. Shamba, V. A. Shchegortsev.

Scientific novelty of article consists that in it an attempt to investigate a role of legal education of youth in the modern world, in the conditions of economic, political and cultural globalization is made. The found negative phenomena in the youth environment, such as teenage drug addiction, alcoholism, prostitution, lack of employment, crime, homelessness on the one hand, insufficiency of use of means of pedagogical activity in formation of legal consciousness of youth, and also need of modern society for active citizens and low level of legal competence of the population, especially younger generation — with another. Noted contradictions caused statement of a problem — search of ways of increase of legal education of youth. All this staticize the considered problem. One of the most actual problems of modern Russian society is unwillingness of citizens, and youth first of all, to participate in political and social life. Special concern is caused by tendencies to a passive position among youth. The problems connected with the organization of legal education are, actual as their theoretical, legal and practical permission will allow to lift prestige of the right and to cultivate respect for the law at youth; to create conditions for development of civil and legal activity.

The practical importance of work is defined by its orientation on the solution of topical issues of further improvement of legal education of youth. The theoretical provisions containing in article can promote the solution of a number of practical problems, in particular improvement of system, forms and methods of legal education of youth in modern society. In the article practical recommendations about improvement of legal education of youth are made.

Despite the development of modern information technologies, today the problem of weak legal awareness and legal illiteracy of young people remains urgent. Ignorance and disrespect of laws, non-possession of elementary knowledge about their constitutional rights and, hence, their inability to defend and defend all this leads to negative consequences (distrust of power, social tension).

Every citizen should know his rights and freedoms. After all, if people are legally illiterate, if they have vague ideas about certain rules governing their relations with each other, with different institutions and social groups, with the state as a whole, then the laws will also function inefficiently. This is the question of the legal literacy of the population. If we agree with the understanding that literacy is knowledge about the world around us and the language of communication, then with regard to legal literacy it can be argued that it is a special kind of knowledge. Unlike semiotic knowledge, knowledge that provides legal literacy can not be transferred to a person through simple information or a story. Based on an understanding of the essence and principles of the existence of a democratic community in a changing world, legal knowledge can formally be defined as knowledge about freedom and its boundaries, human rights and legal activity, the principles and mechanisms of the existence of states of various types.

Legal literacy is the kind of literacy that is necessary for a person living in a modern world of relationships. We can say that legal literacy is a person's ability to participate in a democratic community, manifested in the presence of:

‒ Knowledge of the country's constitution and principles of building the legislative base:

‒ Critical thinking;

‒ Awareness of their rights as members of the human community;

‒ The ability to act deliberately in a pluralistic environment: make your choice and be responsible for its consequences;

‒ Mastering the language of communication;

‒ Experience of participation in democratic procedures.

It is important to analyze the problems of forming the legal literacy of the student.

Based on the analysis of concepts:

Legal culture — the general level of knowledge and the objective relation of society to the law; A set of legal knowledge in the form of norms, beliefs and attitudes created in the process of life activity and regulating the rules of interaction between the individual, social, ethnic, professional group, society, state and formalized in the form of legislative acts. It manifests itself in the work, communication and behavior of the subjects of interaction. It is formed under the influence of the system of cultural and legal education and training.

Legal culture — the general level of knowledge and the objective relation of society to the law; A set of legal knowledge in the form of norms, beliefs and attitudes created in the process of life activity and regulating the rules of interaction between the individual, social, ethnic, professional group, society, state and formalized in the form of legislative acts. It manifests itself in the work, communication and behavior of the subjects of interaction. It is formed under the influence of the system of cultural and legal education and training.

Legal competence — the availability of knowledge and experience necessary for effective activities in a given subject area.

Legal literacy is a general acquaintance with the legal bases of the state, types, rights and norms regulating people's attitude on the basis of the law.

The goal of legal training of students should be the formation of their legal literacy. The task is to create a legal culture for students of educational institutions so that they:

Were worthy citizens of their country, understood their role of opportunities and responsibilities in society, they knew their rights and responsibilities;

They obtained the necessary legal knowledge of the electoral process and the ability to apply them.

Formation of legal culture is carried out at all stages of human education, starting with the general education school. The analysis of numerous and different definitions of the term «competence» in education and jurisprudence allowed us to formulate the concept of legal competence as a complex phenomenon characterized by social, special, individual and personal components. Legal competence is expressed in the availability of knowledge and skills in the application of electoral law.

In connection with all the above problems, as well as in order to form a high legal culture of young people, we recommend the following activities:

1) in connection with the modernization and humanization of Education, to develop and adopt a regional program for the development of the legal education of youth in the republics and cities by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation;

2) to pay special attention to the legal education of schoolchildren and students: to organize the study of law at all levels of educational and educational institutions: to introduce the discipline «Law: the basis of legal culture» into the curriculum of educational institutions at least an hour a week. It should be noted the importance and importance of such documents as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for civic education and patriotic education of youth. As practice shows, the general education school does not pay due attention to the work on legal education of adolescents. Many students have insufficient level of legal knowledge, skills, legal competence. Positive features of this form — the constancy of the audience, the availability of programs, homework, quizzes, seminars, business games with legal content, examinations, fixing a whole program of knowledge.

3) establish a committee on legal education, which should include representatives of law enforcement agencies, cultural workers, film, television, representatives of scientific and training law institutions, etc. This body should study the level of legal education of citizens, the development of recommendations and guidelines;

4) to involve in the active participation of judges, prosecutors, internal affairs, to develop and implement specific measures to organize the propaganda of legislation and improve the legal culture of the teaching schools, for example, practical seminars, round tables, debates on the topic of law and morality, thematic evenings;

5) improve the system of bringing laws and other legal acts to the public, provide free access to legal information of citizens, enterprises, institutions, organizations: create an All-Russian free portal for young people that would contain:

‒ Information on laws and draft laws that affect the interests of young people;

‒ On-line consultations with specialists, namely: psychologists (anonymously), lawyers, etc.

‒ Information about the best universities in Russia (as well as the requirements for applicants: points on the USE, additional exams, etc.)

‒ Information about sections, circles, additional classes with prices.

‒ Bank of vacancies for youth (from 14 to 24 years)

References:

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