This article discusses the process of formation of research skills of younger schoolchildren in extracurricular time with the help of project activities as the main method in terms of updating the content of education.
Key words: project activity, research skills, extracurricular activities.
В настоящей статье рассматривается процесс формирования исследовательских навыков младших школьников во внеурочное время с помощью проектной деятельности как главного метода в условиях обновления содержания образования.
Ключевые слова: проектная деятельность, исследовательские навыки, внеурочная деятельность.
In modern times, the school is designed to ensure that students master a variety of ways of cognitive activity that contribute to the self-development of the individual. The teacher is required to create didactic conditions for the inclusion of younger students in active cognitive activity, the use of research teaching methods, where, along with the acquisition of knowledge, children's own practical activities are organized. To do this, there is a fairly large arsenal of technologies, methods and tools: problem-based learning, search and partial search methods and the method of projects.
The priority direction of primary general education is the formation of general educational skills and abilities, the level of development of which largely determines the success of further education. The main result of education is considered on the basis of the activity approach as the achievement by students of new levels of development on the basis of their mastery of both universal methods of action and methods specific to the subjects being studied. And this is another distinctive feature of the new standards. The implementation of this feature in the educational process requires its new organization based on the planning of the joint activities of the teacher and students [1].
The formation of research skills is a time-consuming and consistent process that requires the joint efforts of the teacher and students. For the development of research skills, certain conditions must be observed. In his research, N. A. Semyonova, identified the following conditions that contribute to the organization of systematic work on the formation of research skills:
— purposefulness and systematic: work on the development of research skills should take place in the classroom constantly, both in class and in extracurricular activities;
— motivation: it is necessary to help students see the meaning of their creative research activities, to see in this an opportunity to realize their own talents and capabilities;
— creative environment: the teacher should contribute to the creation of a creative, working atmosphere, maintain interest in research work;
— psychological comfort: the teacher should encourage the creative manifestations of students, the desire for creative search;
— the personality of the teacher: for the development of creative abilities, a creatively working teacher is needed, striving to create a creative environment and possessing certain knowledge and training for conducting research activities;
— taking into account age characteristics: teaching research skills should be carried out at a level accessible to children's perception, the study itself should be feasible, interesting and useful [2].
In accordance with the updated education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the main educational program of primary general education is implemented by an educational institution, including through extracurricular activities.
Extracurricular activities in the framework of the implementation of the updated education system should be understood as educational activities carried out in forms other than classroom and aimed at achieving the planned results of mastering the main educational program of primary general education.
Extracurricular activities are an integral part of the educational process and one of the forms of organization of students' free time. Extracurricular activities are understood today mainly as activities organized outside of school hours to meet the needs of students in meaningful leisure, their participation in self-government and socially useful activities. Currently, in connection with the transition to new standards of the second generation, extracurricular activities are being improved [3].
The most promising form of organizing extracurricular activities is project activities. The basis of the project method is the development of students' cognitive abilities, the ability to navigate in the information space, the development of critical and creative thinking.
In the process of project activity, the student develops the following learning activities: design, research, information, cooperative, communicative, experimental, reflective, presentation.
Thus, project activity is the most important component in the system of developing research skills in extracurricular time. The formation and development of research skills in primary school age is essential. In order to summarize the opinions of teachers — practitioners on the formation of research skills of younger students, we conducted a survey.
After conducting a survey among primary school teachers, we came to the conclusion that most teachers work on the formation of research skills during school hours, since research activities involve the implementation of projects included in the program. From the teachers' answers, we found out that parents do not always have the opportunity to help their children in the implementation of projects.
Questioning students showed that they carry out educational research projects. The guys note that it is especially interesting to work on projects from the field of the outside world, in case of difficulties parents (51 %), a teacher (59 %) provide help.
After analyzing the data obtained during the survey of parents, we concluded that parents try to assist in the implementation of educational projects, but are not always competent in this matter.
However, 72 % of the teachers surveyed note that the process of organizing research activities outside of school hours is difficult, because:
— the model of organizing extracurricular activities in elementary school does not provide for classes in research activities;
— students do not show interest in research activities outside of school hours;
— parents are not always competent in providing assistance.
Based on the foregoing, it can be stated that project activities outside of school hours play an important role in shaping the research skills of younger students. To form the research skills of students, it is necessary to systematically determine the levels of formation of research skills in order to provide the necessary assistance in a timely manner and create conditions for the development of these skills. It should also be noted that work on the formation of research skills of younger students should be systematically carried out not only during school hours, but also in extracurricular activities.
The acquisition of research skills by younger students in the context of extracurricular activities should occur in stages, with the subsequent complication of activities, the expansion of operational actions performed when solving project problems and an increase in the share of independence in research, the discovery of something new.
References:
- Turgunbaeva B. A. Pedagogical technologies as a condition for the transition to competence-based education // Almaty. Beginning school Kazakhstan — 2006. — P.37.
- Semenova N. A. Research activities of students. — M.: Enlightenment, 2006. — 49 p.
- Bekishev K. B., Sagimbekova N. B., Akimzhanova G. M. The current state of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan // Pedagogy.-2005.-№ 6.-S.103–107.
- Kalmykova 3. I. Educational policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization, — Almaty: SIC «Gylym». -2004.-320 p.
