The article studies toponyms from the work of Munis and Agakhi «Firdavs ul Iqbal» and their classification based on the English translation by Yuri Bregel.
В данный статье рассматриваются топонимы из произведения Муниса и Агахи «Фирдавс ул икбал» и их классификация на основе английского перевода Юрия Брегела.
In his book «Firdavs ul-ikbаl», foreign scientists have been studied differently. In particular, A. Samoylovich published the history of the Karakalpaks, P. P. Ivanov's history of Turkmen and Karakalpaks, N.Mingulov published articles in Russian for the coverage of the history of kazakhs. V. V. Bartold prepared the scientific text of the work, but did not have time to publish. Historian scientist T.Sultanov emphasized that the order of writing of historical books, the prose and the verse, and the value of the verse, are distinguished by the fact that «Firdavs ul-ikbаl» — the truthfulness of the facts and the high level of visualization. There are valuable ideas in the works of Munis and Ogahi's «Firdavs ul-iqbal» by foreign scientists NN Muravyev, A.Vamberi, A. I. Budagov, N. I. Veselovsky, S. Tolstov, K.Jitov; many uzbek orientalists and historians, such as Y. Gulyamov, M.Yuldashev and Q.Munirov;
The scientific-critical text of the work was published in 1988 by American orientalist Yu.Bregel. The text is based on the originals. Familiarized with the invaluable contents of the source, Yu.Bregel also carried out the translation of Firdavs ul-iqbal in 1999.
Given the fact that Firdavs al-Iqbal has not yet mastered the monograph, Bregel's service is the first step in this regard. Studying the work on the basis of today's thinking, giving it to our people is both scientific and practical.
In order to better understand the artistic interpretation of the interpreter, there is a need to examine the translation of Firdavs ul-iqbal by Yu.Bregel, translated into English, from the point of view of translation.
So far, the toponyms of the Firdavs ul-iqbal have not been studied specifically in the works translated from the Uzbek language into foreign languages. By examining the translation of these toponyms, the etymology of the English and Uzbek toponyms, the methods of formation, the typology, the common aspects and the different aspects of it are clarified.
There are about 500 place names in Ogahi’s historical heritage, among them “Firdavs ul-Iqbal” is led. The manuscript «Firdavs ul-iqbal» by Munis and Ogahi is one of the least studied in the history of Khorezm. The most common type of work in terms of size is the toponymy. The English translation of Firdavs ul-iqbal describes toponymic names, toponymic indices, hydrоnyms, and toponyms in general, using the broadest possible of English language skills by Yuri Bregel.
Yuri Bregel uses a variety of methods to translate the toponymic names in Firdavs ul-ikbal to the English readers. In some cases, he uses the Kalka method, sometimes synonyms, and, in some cases, alternative variants.
It is important that translated toponyms are sometimes word-for-word, sometimes synchronous. We classified the toponyms in «Firdavs ul-ikbal» in the following way:
Urbanites: Khiva, Kat, Kohna Urganj, Mashhad, Bukhara
The Aranites: Khorezm, Sharavog, Uch, Sogak, Karaosak, Karamozi, Gumbosganqala, Ellikkala, Qoratag, Qoraqum, Anna Zey
Hydronyms: Amuya, Aral, Arna, Seashell, Yof, Daryoliq, Soya, Fading, Turkmen Grove, Davdon, Qilichboy Arna, Shohabad, Dashoguz
Phonmonyms: Qibla Tazabog, Sozoglu
Zootoponomics: Morbug, Burutqal, Duldul
Anthroponyms: Khojaeli, Hizrali, Alieli, Shaboz, Niyazmat, Guldursun, Kirkkiz, Ayozkal, Sultan Doim, Darghon
Ethnotoponyms: Yavmutia, Kungrad, Mangit, Kenagas, Uighur, Kipchoq, Qoromon
It is the name of «Khorezm», which has caused a lot of debate among the toponyms. In this article, we also need to clarify the etymology of the name of Khorezm. In our opinion this title is the next, changed version of the name «Aryan vey Jah». It is known that the name of «Aryan vey Jah» is translated as a deep, low-dwelling place where the oriental, anarchy, space, dormitory represent the plural. In our opinion, the name of Khorezm can later be termed «Aryan vey Jah». The name Khorezm consists of two components: the first «Chor» component consists of the meanings of depths, meanings of the ancient Armenian, Middle Assyrian and Aramaic languages, the second «zem (zm, zim, zm)" component in some Iranian languages, means land, place.
So far, the toponymies of the Firdavs ul-iqbal, translated into Uzbek, have not yet been studied. By examining the translation of these toponyms, the etymology of the English and Uzbek toponyms, the methods of formation, the typology, the common aspects and the different aspects of it are clarified.
References:
- Материалы по истории каракалпаков. Сборник. М.-Л., 1935, стр. 91–127
- Сб. П филиал архива РАН. Фонд 68, опис 1. Ед.х.№ 179, 302лл.
- Султанов Т. И. Зеркало минувших столетий (Историческая книга в культуре Средней Азии XV-XIX вв.) Санкт Петербургб 2005
- Firdavs al Iqbal. History of Khorezm, edited by Yuri Bregel, Leiden New York, 1988
- Firdaws al Iqbal. History of Khorezm by Shir Muhammad Mirab Munis and Muhammad Riza Mirab Agahi. Translated from Chagatay and annotated by Yuri Bregel, Brill Leiden –Boston-Kolr, 1999
