Today the English language is widely spoken throughout the world. It is the language of 21st century the language of informative technologies, so while describing the English language; first of all it should be underlined that the English language is the mother tongue of the global media. To understand English clearly one should know not only its standard vocabulary but also its different styles, dialects, proverbs, sayings, phrasal verbs and idioms, as they are used in any sphere: books, films, newspapers, formal speeches. One, looking through some papers, magazines and journals, will discover the same language to sound quite different, because he will find familiar words with unfamiliar meanings. He will face idioms, phrasal verbs etc. An idiom is a figure of speech that does not have the obvious presented meaning. Idioms differ from culture and country, as the phrase uses commonplace objects, people, or animals. Examples and meanings of idioms in American culture include:
‒ Raining cats and dogs means Raining hard
‒ Monkey around means To fool around
‒ Playing with fire means Taking foolish risks
‒ Jog my memory means Help remember something
The actuality of the research. With the aim of basing upon the significance as an important relative form of phraseology, enriching the vocabulary with the help of business and political phraseological word combinations, developing the speech action, formation of relative culture arose the problem in the methods of formation of phraseological word combinations.
The object of the research. The process of using phraseological word combinations in teaching English language in business and political spheres in the newspaper New York Times.
‒ to consider the concept of «idiom»;
‒ investigate the possible types of classifications of phraseology related to business, political and scientific articles;
Methods of the research. In this research work were used translating, analyzing and classification methods of investigation.
The main source. An American daily newspaper “New York Times”. The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization [8].
The structure of the research. The research work consists of an introduction, two parts, conclusion, list of reference. Parts of the research work are divided according to theoretical and practical points The previous set of information is written in the first part of the report, which is entitled as “THE BASIC USAGE OF PHRASEOLOGOCAL WORD COMBINATIONS”. The first part includes two sub-parts:
1) Linguistic approach of phraseological word combinations
2) Classification of the phraseological word combinations
3) General view to the origin of a newspaper
4) Brief history of the newspaper New York Times
Classification of phraseological word combinations
classification all phraseological units are divided into phraseological fusions, phraseological unities and phraseological combinations Phraseological fusion is a semantically indivisible phraseological unit which meaning is never influenced by the meanings of its components [2].
Once in a blue moon –means very seldom; To cry for the moon –means to demand unreal; Under the rose –means quietly. Phraseological unity is a semantically indivisible phraseological unit the whole meaning of which is mot To come to one’s sense — to change one’s mind;
To come home –to hit the mark ;To fall into a rage –to get angry ivated by the meanings of its components [5]. Phraseological combination (collocation)is a construction or an expression in which every word has absolutely clear independent meaning while one of the components has a bound meaning [4].
To make an attempt –make to try; To make haste –make to hurry; To offer an apology –make to beg pardon.
Analysis of phraseological word combinations in the newspaper “New York Times”
Phraseological word combinations with their explanations from the newspaper “New York Times” are given below:
- “Santorum has done a good job in pointing out that Achilles’ heel in Romneycare,” Ms. Palin said [3].
Achiles’ heel — a weak feature that someone or something has that could cause failure or could be attacked, nominative, substantive phraseological word combination.
- “I’m not willing to light my hair on fire to try to get support,” Mr. Romney said [7].
Hair on fire — if something sets your hair on fire, it excites you or catches your attention urgently., nominative.,
- That inevitably leads him to discuss President Obama and his health care law, a topic that gets Mr. Santorum’s blood boiling, and that of his listeners [6].
To get someone’s blood boiling — to make very angry., nominative-
People used to think blood actually boiled when they became angry or excited. Truth has gone out the window [2]. Out the window — used for saying that you stop doing something., nominative.
- Descriptive translation:бір нәрсені жасауды тоқтату; So 2.8 million jobs are hanging in the balance.
Hang in the balance — if something is in the balance, you do not know whether it will succeed or fail., nominative
- Descriptive Instead, he buries himself in briefing books [5].
Bury oneself in something — to spend all your time doing and thinking about a particular activity., nominative
Descriptive translation: белгілі бір іспен айналысу барсында бар жанымен сол іске араласу translation: equivalent ‒қыл үстінде тұру;
- Cool cucumber — very calm and relaxed in difficult situation., nominative.
Origin: Cool here means imperturbable rather than having a low temperature. Cucumbers are cool to the touch. Descriptive translation: сабырлы, салмақты;
- But even Mr. Romney may have a breaking point
Breaking point — 1) the point at which something break; 2) the point at which nerves or one’s mental state can endure no more., nominative.
Descriptive translation:1) сыну; 2) шыдамның шегі [1];
- “There’s no silver bullet”, the president declared. “Anybody who tells you otherwise isn’t really looking for a solution; they’re trying to ride the political wave of the moment.”
Ride the wave — to become involved with and get advantages from opinions or activities which have become very common or popular, nominative.
Descriptive translation: тізгінді ұстау;
- “They love this guy because he’s a straight arrow, he’s level-headed, and he’s going to do the right thing for our country” [2].
Straight arrow — informal, 1) morally upright person; 2) a person regarded as being extremely conventional., nominative, Descriptive translation:турашыл, тік мінезді адам;
“If worst came to worst,” and the state lost the money, “he had a partner holding the bag with him,” Mr. McDonough said. If (the) worst come to worst ‒Prov. in the worst possible circumstances; if the worst possible thing should happen. Descriptive translation: equivalent ‒алда-жалда;
The aim of the research work was to study the expressive and stylistic phraseology in modern print media. To do this we needed to consider the concept of «idiom» as well as the classification of these revolutions, and particularly their use in the media [3]. The phraseological word combinations serve a main function in newspaper style.
So in the first (theoretical) chapter of our study by examining the term «idiom» we reached the following conclusions:
1) Idioms are used in newspapers according to the following reasons:
‒ In order to make an article more attractive;(in headlines)
‒ In order to make the meaning of the phrase depper.
In the long run the role of idioms takes part important sight in scientific research. In any event using the idioms high and low is not due. But as a matter of facts with the help of idioms people are influenced. As we have said Mass media — is the way of inculcating some information to people’s consciousness. Lay it on the line Mass media conduct people. But not everybody can recognize the meaning of idioms in news articles. Because a lot of people, foreigners and learners even don’t know idioms. This it matter of time when foreigners and learners can fully understand idioms of native language. Reading newspapers or listening to native radio will help learners to find you a large number of idioms. After a while some idioms will become familiar, and learner will learn the places and situations where learner hear them.
References:
- Longman. Pocket Idioms Dictionary. ‒ Edinburg: Pearson, 2007. ‒ 310 p.
- Concise Oxford Dictionary (Eleventh Edition), electronic dictionary.
- Ozhegov’s Electronic Dictionary. (http://ozhegov.info)
- New York Times. Romney Takes Analytic Approach to Campaign Chaos. ‒2012, February 27.
- Кунин A. B. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. — Дубна: Феникс, 2005. ‒ 484 с.
- Баранов А. Н., Добровольски Д. О. Идиоматичность и идиомы // Вопросы языкознания. — 1996, № 5. — 64с.
- Чепасова А. М. Семантико-грамматические классы русских фразеологизмов. ‒ Челябинск, 1974. ‒ 123 с.
- Internet: New York Times. The Times Wins 5 Pulitzer Prizes. 2009, April 20.
