The legal framework of the development of small business and private entrepreneurship



During the years of independence, it was a major change policy in small business be the state. First and foremost, this concerns the improvement of the normative-legal base. «Licensing procedures in entrepreneurship activity», «Competition», «On guarantees of freedom of entrepreneurial activity» (new edition) in accordance with the laws and other legislative acts guarantees of the citizens free participate in business activities to be more behoof, as well as improved the mechanisms to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the subjects of entrepreneurial activity.

The legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted a number of laws and law enforcement, regulatory agencies and administrative bodies in order to eliminate the interference of illegal business activities and as well as great attention to increase the responsibility of officials of these agencies. The rights of entrepreneurs in interaction of entrepreneurs with government, law enforcement and regulatory authorities sets up in principle of priority. As well as to simplify and facilitate the functioning of businesses with more than 40 regulatory changes and additions to the document. In particular, the new rules, if a person commit a crime associated with the payment of taxes or other mandatory payments and if he commit a crime for the first time within 30 days after detection of abuse and he cover the full damages to the state, a criminal case isn’t launched against him [1].

Paysgreat attention to the role of the judicial authorities to protect the legal rights of private property owners and entrepreneurs for the issue of strengthening the guarantees of their activity. When the court considered the lawsuit, if entrepreneur is dissatisfied with the decision of the control authorities, the business entity have the right to suspend the execution. Adopted the norm of law that if a business entity in violation of tax and customs legislation, the property could be confiscated only in accordance with the decision of the court, and significantly reduced to consider period of the statement of claim. Now, firms, small businesses and farms, four times a year, and other business activities are inspected once every three years in order to check and control bodies such inspections only can be carried out in accordance with the decision of the State Council of Coordination.

The financial and economic activity associated with planned implementation period was reduced by up to 30 calendar days to 10 calendar days. It should be noted that this law also applies to private banks and financial institutions. By state law enforcement and regulatory authorities to conduct inspection of financial-economic activity and it was raised the measures for the violation of administrative responsibility for public services [1].

This measures also apply to cases such as forced the activity of economic entities and the illegally to stop their bank account numbers operations, information about the accounts of business, charity work and other activities related to the allocation of funds.

At the same time, adopted a legal mechanism for government agencies, local self-governance bodies in illegal decisions by officials or their business entity as a result of action or inaction damages, including to cover the full lost amount profits.

The criminal responsibility applied for the law enforcement and other government officials in case of a few times violation of the right in freedom of entrepreneurial activity. Relevantnorms added to Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A new system was realized, from 2015 year in Uzbektelecom joint stock company works Call center, also all dayworks the State Prosecutor office's hotline, whichaccepts the applications of citizens.

This system of government, law enforcement, and businesses controlled by the authorities to prevent unreasonable interference in entrepreneurial activity and applications and complaints about violations of the rights of property owners. Duringthe past year and a half after this system has been implemented the Prosecutor's Office appealed to more than 1 500 entrepreneurs. Most importantly, nearly a third of all complaints resolved in favor of entrepreneurs.

Relationship between government agencies and businesses due to implementing of electronic forms in 2015, 42 thousand 800 business entities registered in the portal of online public services via the Internet. They have access to 260 types of interactive services. 2013–2014 years, serving more than 102 entrepreneurs and citizens, and in 2015 this figure increased by 420 thousand.

Today, 100 percent of the tax and statistical reports in electronic form via the Internet. January 1 of this year in all regions of the country'one window' principles providing the public services for entrepreneurs as a one Centers. As well as implementing completely new mechanism for entrepreneurs for connecting on engineering and communication networks. According to it, these regional organizations was given the mandate to conduct the work of the networks from the technical conditions for the enterprises to implement all the engineering and communication networks, and they made ready to use by entrepreneurs [1].

During the years of independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a result of development reforms in the area of small business, from day to day the sector is in sustainable development. The economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan increasing significant role in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in the share of its gross domestic product in 2006 to 42.1 percent, while in 2015 the figure was raised till 56.7 percent (Table 1).

Table 1

Share of SBPE in GDP in Uzbekistan (%)

Indicators	Years
	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
Share SBPE in GDP	42,1	45,7	48,2	50,0	52,5	54,0	54,0	55,8	56,1	56,7

Source: Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan was prepared [3]

Working in SBPE sphere the ratio of the total employed population. It should be noted that more than 64 % of new jobs in small businesses, strengthening incentives for the development of private entrepreneurship and farming, in particular, to give them new privileges and preferences, 28 % more than the creation of new businesses, the expansion of various forms of home.

70 % of the total employed in the economy of the developed countries in the field of SBPE operating in Uzbekistan in 2015 amounted to 77 percent of the employed population in this area can be recognized as a result of the reforms implemented [2].

SBPE mainly shares in cultivation of agricultural products, construction, cargo and passenger transportation positions, but industry, investment and export potential of proportional share of the level remains low. (Table 2).

Table 2

SBPE entities in the sectors of the economy (%)

	2008	2009		2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
GDP	48,2	50,1		52,5		54,0		54,6		55,8		56,1		56,5
Industry	14,6		17,9		18,8		21,9		23,1		28,1		31,7		40,6
Agriculture	97,7	97,8		97,8		97,7		97,8		98,0		98,0		98,4
Investment	24,6	23,7		28,5		31,9		35,3		32,7		35,4		35,8
Construction	58,4	42,4		53,1		68,6		71,1		71,5		69,5		66,7
Trade	84,6	81,0		85,1		86,7		87,3		86,6		86,3		87,1
Paid services	48,5	46,9		47,0		46,3		44,9		46,2		48,6		50,5
All services	44,2	44,1		45,7		46,1		46,8		48,9		51,5		55,6
Freight	38,1	39,5		41,6		43,2		44,2		47,3		50,9		53,7
Cargo	74,6	73,1		76,6		78,9		81,2		82,8		83,4		83,7
Passenger traffic	78,4	78,8		79,4		81,8		83,1		84,5		85,5		87,3
Passenger turnover	84,5	82,9		84,7		87,0		87,6		87,7		88,6		89,2
Export	12,4	14,6		13,7		18,8		14,0		26,2		27,0		27,8
Import	35,7	42,5		35,8		34,3		38,6		42,4		45,4		44,5
Employment	73,1	73,9		74,3		75,1		75,6		76,7		77,6		77,9

Source: Based on data from the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan was prepared [3] http://stat.uz/uz/reports/

Therefore, from the above we can see that small business has become a major factor in the welfare of the population and therefore the development of the strategic task. Based on the social dimension of the national economy, in any case, the calculation of the financial results of the primary is not " business representatives», it is entrepreneurships directed to more effective social benefits will be in center of attention.

It should also be noted that, compared to the first years of independence, despite significant achievements, in sector development have not used untapped the potential. The primary tasks is to develop of innovative forms of business for using this capacity.

References:

1. The electron source: http://www.press-service.uz/uz/news/5226/
2. The electron source: http://uza.uz/oz/politics/zbekiston-respublikasi-prezidenti-islom-karimovning-mamlakat-16–01–2016
3. The electron source: http://stat.uz/statinfo/ekonomika-v-tsifrakh