Analysis of reforms implemented for rational use of the labor force in the region

Now a day one of the key problem of the economy is the unemployment problem, efficient and rational use of labor force. Solution of this problem supply socio-economic development, economic growth as well as an increase population income.

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov paying special attention to this issue, emphasized that: «I remind you that to make appropriate changes is very important issue in making admittance plan for professional colleges and lyceums for future 3–4 years, taking into account what kind new plant and firms will be constructed in the region, what specialist will be needed by them» [1].

With regards to all the given above appropriate reforms have been held by the government. Particularly, in Khorezm region also have been held several issue in supplying employment of labor force and rational usage of them:

1. To strengthen activities of the center supporting employment and social security of population Khorezm branch and increase their role in labor market;
2. To create opportunities and preferences for small business and private entrepreneurship for increasing their role in creation of new working places;
3. To hold reforms for increasing quality and competences of labor force in the labor market, thus, improving vocational training and retraining system;
4. Materially supported the group of population needed social security, quoting system of working places implemented for them. As well as supporting employment women with more children and disabled, other categories;
5. The reforms held regulating external and internal migration and others.

In the state adopted several decrees in supplying employment of labor force, improving infrastructure in labor market as well as further improvement of responsibilities of departments solving issues of employment. Adopted decree of President of Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-1251 on 30^th December in 2009 «About issues improving structure of Ministry of Labor and Social Protection». In accordance with the decree, the region's labor and social protection agencies today outlined new tasks in the context of the liberalization of the economy.

Additionally, there were structural changes of the system, too. In particular, set issues about changing the district (city), labor, employment and social protection departments to employment and social protection of population centers and made stationary branches in front of large-scale local authorities. These centers differ significantly from the previous sections, so their scale of services for unemployed expanded and imposed new tasks entrusted to them.

As a result, increased the role social protection of population centers in decreasing unemployment and efficient use of labor forces. We will try to show the results of these issues with statistic data from Khorezm branch of employment and social security of population department during 2010–2015.

Table 1

The number of the unemployed applied to the labour exchange center of Khorezm region 2010–2015 [2]

We can see from the table that the number of the unemployed asking for work places had decreasing tendencies in the last 5 years.In 2010, a total number of unemployed asked for work places were 37404 people were in 2015 became 16064 people, so decreased by 2.3 times. Accordingly, the number of unemployed asked for work places in 2010 were highest in Xozarasp district, were in 2015 Shovot district got this place. Yangiarik and Yangibazar districts are has the lowest number of unemployed asked for work places. Appropriate issues have been done by district (city) centers of Employment and Social Protection.

Calculations showed indicator of unemployed asked for working places in promille decreased in last 5 year period from 31 promille to 13.3 promille. In 2010 number of unemployed asked working places inin quantity were less in Yangibazar and Yangiariq, but if calculate in promille they will have high indicator (33.3 promille). This means that they have less population, so they seem have low level of unemployment.In 2015 in Yangibazar and Yangiariq districts have positive change in the number unemployed asked for working places, those respectively 15.6 and 11.8 promille.

In 2010 in Khorezm 82.8 percent of unemployed asked for working places were employed and in 2015 it became 88 percent. If we see change of this indicator as an example of Xiva district it was 87.3 percent in 2010 which became 99.4 percent in 2015 (table-2).

Table 2

Employed percent of unemployed asked for working places by employment and social security of population Khorezm branch [3]

If we focus on general trends over the past 5 years in all areas can be seen only exceed of employment.

As a results of the decree of President of Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-308 on 23^th march in 2006 «About issues promote increasing cattle in dekhans and peasant farms» and PQ-842 on 21^st April in 2008 «About additional issues promote increasing cattle in dekhans and peasant farms as well as increase producing livestock products» between 2006–2010 in Khorezm region 105393 people filled application for getting labor book (documentreflecting a person’sworkexperience), but 24434 people got labor book. As well as 80959 people, who have already labor book could continued their work experience. These indicators showed that these decrees played key role in the employment of the population.

Since we have noted above, issues implemented by the government in have been playing a important role in providing employment of the population. Decree of President of Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-325 on 17^th April in 2006 «About issues strengthening development of service and services sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan» during 2006–2010 and PQ-640 on 21^st May 2007 «About additional issues intensifying development service sector till 2010 period» are the other decrees those helped to increase employment.

Provide employment of population, improving employment is the initial problems in social security of the population. Especially,continuing instability in the world economy has increased the importance of this problem.

Today, usage of non standard form of employment in providing employment of the population increasing flexibility of work time in the labor market and increasing employment. We can consider outwork as one of the type’s non standard form of employment.

One of the main document that helped to increase outwork in the country is the decree Cabinet of Ministers № 146 on 1^st July in 2008 «About issues improve establishing outwork and increase responsibilities of local state authority and managers of economics agencies on the implementation of measures of increasing it»

According to the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-1112 on 15^th may in 2009 «About issues further promotion and development of entrepreneurial activities» Small business could preserve privileges and preferences even they made contract with outwork player working at home no more than 30 percent of the limited number of employees for small business, so they can stay as a small business representatives.

References:

1. Report of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov at the meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers dedicated to the socioeconomic development in 2015 and the most important priorities of economic program for 2016. «Xalq so`zi», 2016 year, January 16.
2. Statistic data fromemployment and social security of population department of Khorezm region.
3. Own calculation based on Statistic data fromemployment and social security of population department of Khorezm region.